# Systemctl

All active service

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```bash
systemctl list-units --type=service --state=active
```

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All running service

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```bash
systemctl list-units --type=service --state=running
```

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[**Specifiers available in unit files**](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.unit.html#Specifiers)

| Specifier | Meaning                                             | Details                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| --------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| "`%a`"    | Architecture                                        | A short string identifying the architecture of the local system. A string such as `x86`, `x86-64` or `arm64`. See the architectures defined for `ConditionArchitecture=` above for a full list.                                                                                |
| "`%b`"    | Boot ID                                             | The boot ID of the running system, formatted as string. See [random(4)](http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man4/random.4.html) for more information.                                                                                                                              |
| "`%B`"    | Operating system build ID                           | The operating system build identifier of the running system, as read from the `BUILD_ID=` field of `/etc/os-release`. If not set, resolves to an empty string. See [os-release(5)](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html) for more information.     |
| "`%C`"    | Cache directory root                                | This is either `/var/cache` (for the system manager) or the path "`$XDG_CACHE_HOME`" resolves to (for user managers).                                                                                                                                                          |
| "`%E`"    | Configuration directory root                        | This is either `/etc/` (for the system manager) or the path "`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME`" resolves to (for user managers).                                                                                                                                                              |
| "`%f`"    | Unescaped filename                                  | This is either the unescaped instance name (if applicable) with `/` prepended (if applicable), or the unescaped prefix name prepended with `/`. This implements unescaping according to the rules for escaping absolute file system paths discussed above.                     |
| "`%g`"    | User group                                          | This is the name of the group running the service manager instance. In case of the system manager this resolves to "`root`".                                                                                                                                                   |
| "`%G`"    | User GID                                            | This is the numeric GID of the user running the service manager instance. In case of the system manager this resolves to "`0`".                                                                                                                                                |
| "`%h`"    | User home directory                                 | This is the home directory of the *user running the service manager instance*. In case of the system manager this resolves to "`/root`". Note that this setting is *not* influenced by the `User=` setting configurable in the \[Service] section of the service unit.         |
| "`%H`"    | Host name                                           | The hostname of the running system at the point in time the unit configuration is loaded.                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| "`%i`"    | Instance name                                       | For instantiated units this is the string between the first "`@`" character and the type suffix. Empty for non-instantiated units.                                                                                                                                             |
| "`%I`"    | Unescaped instance name                             | Same as "`%i`", but with escaping undone.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| "`%j`"    | Final component of the prefix                       | This is the string between the last "`-`" and the end of the prefix name. If there is no "`-`", this is the same as "`%p`".                                                                                                                                                    |
| "`%J`"    | Unescaped final component of the prefix             | Same as "`%j`", but with escaping undone.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| "`%l`"    | Short host name                                     | The hostname of the running system at the point in time the unit configuration is loaded, truncated at the first dot to remove any domain component.                                                                                                                           |
| "`%L`"    | Log directory root                                  | This is either `/var/log` (for the system manager) or the path "`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME`" resolves to with `/log` appended (for user managers).                                                                                                                                      |
| "`%m`"    | Machine ID                                          | The machine ID of the running system, formatted as string. See [machine-id(5)](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/machine-id.html) for more information.                                                                                                         |
| "`%n`"    | Full unit name                                      |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| "`%N`"    | Full unit name                                      | Same as "`%n`", but with the type suffix removed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| "`%o`"    | Operating system ID                                 | The operating system identifier of the running system, as read from the `ID=` field of `/etc/os-release`. See [os-release(5)](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html) for more information.                                                          |
| "`%p`"    | Prefix name                                         | For instantiated units, this refers to the string before the first "`@`" character of the unit name. For non-instantiated units, same as "`%N`".                                                                                                                               |
| "`%P`"    | Unescaped prefix name                               | Same as "`%p`", but with escaping undone.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| "`%s`"    | User shell                                          | This is the shell of the user running the service manager instance. In case of the system manager this resolves to "`/bin/sh`".                                                                                                                                                |
| "`%S`"    | State directory root                                | This is either `/var/lib` (for the system manager) or the path "`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME`" resolves to (for user managers).                                                                                                                                                           |
| "`%t`"    | Runtime directory root                              | This is either `/run/` (for the system manager) or the path "`$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR`" resolves to (for user managers).                                                                                                                                                              |
| "`%T`"    | Directory for temporary files                       | This is either `/tmp` or the path "`$TMPDIR`", "`$TEMP`" or "`$TMP`" are set to. (Note that the directory may be specified without a trailing slash.)                                                                                                                          |
| "`%u`"    | User name                                           | This is the name of the *user running the service manager instance*. In case of the system manager this resolves to "`root`". Note that this setting is *not* influenced by the `User=` setting configurable in the \[Service] section of the service unit.                    |
| "`%U`"    | User UID                                            | This is the numeric UID of the *user running the service manager instance*. In case of the system manager this resolves to "`0`". Note that this setting is *not* influenced by the `User=` setting configurable in the \[Service] section of the service unit.                |
| "`%v`"    | Kernel release                                      | Identical to **uname -r** output.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| "`%V`"    | Directory for larger and persistent temporary files | This is either `/var/tmp` or the path "`$TMPDIR`", "`$TEMP`" or "`$TMP`" are set to. (Note that the directory may be specified without a trailing slash.)                                                                                                                      |
| "`%w`"    | Operating system version ID                         | The operating system version identifier of the running system, as read from the `VERSION_ID=` field of `/etc/os-release`. If not set, resolves to an empty string. See [os-release(5)](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html) for more information. |
| "`%W`"    | Operating system variant ID                         | The operating system variant identifier of the running system, as read from the `VARIANT_ID=` field of `/etc/os-release`. If not set, resolves to an empty string. See [os-release(5)](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html) for more information. |
| "`%%`"    | Single percent sign                                 | Use "`%%`" in place of "`%`" to specify a single percent sign.                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |

<https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.unit.html#Specifiers>
